Levels of C4d and C4d/C4 associate with clinical and histopathological treatment response in proliferative lupus nephritis. Complement activation markers, particularly C4d and the C4d/C4 ratio, are ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . Kim’s hypothesis arises partially from studies that showed that C3, when introduced to synthetic neutrophils, ...

New research identifies age, anti-β2GP1 antibodies, and low complement C3 as key risk factors for cerebral small vessel ...

Most people with lupus have antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in their blood. But a positive ANA test doesn’t always mean lupus. The test can be positive in people with other autoimmune illnesses — ...

Anti-C1q antibodies are a promising marker for the diagnosis and management of lupus nephritis. Immunological tests can differentiate proliferative from non-proliferative lupus nephritis, but anti-C1q ...

Complement component 3, often called C3, is an essential protein of the immune system. This protein plays a vital role in the body’s innate immune system, providing: the first line of defense against ...

Lupus, an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, can affect the heart and lead to rhythm disturbances, such as arrhythmias. Symptoms of arrhythmia, such as an abnormal heart rate, may ...

This test is used to detect antinuclear antibodies in your blood. ANA antibodies attack healthy cells, mistaking them for foreign invaders. If you have a positive ANA test, it may mean you have an ...