Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) has been a fundamental component in the evolution of mobile connectivity. As the demand for faster data speeds and more efficient network utilization continues to ...

The advent of all‐optical modulation format conversion techniques has fundamentally reshaped modern optical communications. These techniques enable the direct manipulation of optical signals in their ...

The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of carriage — what we typically call transmission — and to understand that fully, we need to understand the ...

As mobile communications become more pervasive, the amount of data flowing around the various networks and – importantly, the various parts of the spectrum – grows inexorably. The world, it is claimed ...